In his travels, Gérôme collected artefacts and costumes for staging oriental scenes in the studio, and also made oil studies from nature for the backgrounds. (In 2019, the right wing populist German party, Alternative for Germany, used The Slave Market in a campaign poster in the 2019 European Parliament election.) The Slave Market, The Large Pool of Bursa, Pool in a Harem, and similar subjects were works of imagination in which Gérôme combined accurately observed Middle Eastern architectural details with idealized nudes painted in his Paris studio. This heralded the start of many Orientalist paintings depicting Arab religious practice, genre scenes and North African landscapes.Īmong these are paintings in which the Oriental setting is combined with depictions of female nudity. His itinerary followed the classic Grand Tour of the Near East, up the Nile to Cairo, across to Faiyum, then further up the Nile to Abu Simbel, then back to Cairo, across the Sinai Peninsula through Sinai and up the Wadi el-Araba to Jerusalem and finally Damascus. In 1856, Gérôme visited Egypt for the first time. To the Universal Exhibition of 1855 he contributed Pifferaro, Shepherd, and The Age of Augustus, the Birth of Christ, but it was the modest painting Recreation in a Russian Camp that garnered the most attention. Jerome in this chapel reflects the influence of the school of Ingres on his religious works. In 1854, he completed another important commission, decorating the Chapel of St. This became a meeting place for artists, writers and actors, where George Sand entertained the composers: Hector Berlioz, Johannes Brahms and Gioachino Rossini and the novelists Théophile Gautier and Ivan Turgenev. In 1853, Gérôme moved to the Boîte à Thé, a group of studios in the Rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs, Paris. The Age of Augustus, the Birth of Christ, which combined the birth of Christ with conquered nations paying homage to Augustus, may have been intended to flatter Napoleon III, whose government commissioned the mural and who was identified as a "new Augustus." A considerable down payment enabled Gérôme to travel and research, first in 1853 to Constantinople, together with the actor Edmond Got, and in 1854 to Greece and Turkey and the shores of the Danube, where he was present at a concert of Russian conscripts making music under the threat of a lash. In 1852, Gérôme received a commission to paint a large mural of an allegorical subject of his choosing. He exhibited Greek Interior, Souvenir d'Italie, Bacchus and Love, Drunk in 1851 Paestum in 1852 and An Idyll in 1853. In 1851, he decorated a vase later offered by Emperor Napoleon III of France to Prince Albert, now part of the Royal Collection at St. In 1849, he produced the paintings Michelangelo (also called In his Studio) and A Portrait of a Lady. His paintings The Virgin, the Infant Jesus and Saint John and Anacreon, Bacchus and Eros took a second-class medal at the Paris Salon in 1848. Gérôme abandoned his dream of winning the Prix de Rome and took advantage of his sudden success. This work was seen as the epitome of the Neo-Grec movement that had formed out of Gleyre's studio (including Henri-Pierre Picou and Jean-Louis Hamon), and was championed by the influential French critic Théophile Gautier, whose review made Gérôme famous and effectively launched his career. He sent this painting to the Paris Salon of 1847, where it gained him a third-class medal. His painting The Cock Fight (1846) is an academic exercise depicting a nude young man and a very thinly draped young woman with two fighting cocks, with the Bay of Naples in the background. In 1846 he tried to enter the prestigious Prix de Rome, but failed in the final stage because his figure drawing was inadequate. He then attended the École des Beaux-Arts. On his return to Paris in 1844, like many students of Delaroche, he joined the atelier of Charles Gleyre and studied there for a brief time. He visited Florence, Rome, the Vatican and Pompeii. He went to Paris in 1840 where he studied under Paul Delaroche, whom he accompanied to Italy in 1843. Jean-Léon Gérôme was born at Vesoul, Haute-Saône. He was also a teacher with a long list of students. He is considered one of the most important painters from this academic period. His paintings were so widely reproduced that he was "arguably the world's most famous living artist by 1880." The range of his oeuvre included historical painting, Greek mythology, Orientalism, portraits, and other subjects, bringing the academic painting tradition to an artistic climax. Jean-Léon Gérôme was a French painter and sculptor in the style now known as academicism.
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